6-Chloro-3-indolyl a-D-mannopyranoside

6-氯-3-吲哚-a-D-甘露糖苷

6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-α-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate that is used in the detection of β-galactosidase activity. It can be used to detect the presence of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Klebsiella. 

6-Chloro-3-indolyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside (CIM) is a chemical compound that has gained increasing interest in scientific research given its unique physical and chemical properties. The objective of this paper is to provide an insight into the definition, background, properties, synthesis, characterization, analytical methods, biological properties, toxicity and safety in scientific experiments, applications in scientific experiments, current state of research, potential implications in various fields of research and industry, limitations, and future directions of CIM.

Definition and Background

6-Chloro-3-indolyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a substrate that acts as a chromogenic agent for several enzymes, particularly for detecting the presence of beta-galactosidase. The compound is widely used in molecular biology, especially in the analysis of gene expression patterns. The compound is available in both crystalline and powder form.

Physical and Chemical Properties

CIM is a crystalline substance with a molecular formula of C14H15ClNO6, and its molecular weight is 329.72 g/mol. The compound has a melting point of 214-217°C and is soluble in water and ethanol. CIM exhibits a pale blue color in solution, with an absorption maximum of 615 nm. It is generally stable at room temperature and is inactive to ultraviolet light.

Synthesis and Characterization

CIM is synthesized by reacting indole-3-acetyl chloride with alpha-D-mannopyranosyl bromide in the presence of base. The diol intermediate formed in the reaction undergoes pivalylation to form the final product. CIM can be characterized by various techniques such as FT-IR, NMR, and Mass Spectrometry.

Analytical Methods

CIM is used as a substrate for detecting beta-galactosidase activity in various biological systems. Different analytical methods, such as spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, and gel electrophoresis, are used to measure enzyme activity using CIM as a substrate.

Biological Properties

CIM has several biological properties, including acting as a chromogenic agent for the detection of beta-galactosidase activity in vitro and in vivo. The compound has been shown to be non-toxic and non-mutagenic. CIM has also been used as a marker in the analysis of gene expression in various organisms.

Toxicity and Safety in Scientific Experiments

CIM is considered a safe compound to use in scientific experiments since it is non-toxic and non-mutagenic. However, it is essential to follow the guidelines for safe handling and disposal of the compound to avoid any possible hazards.

Applications in Scientific Experiments

CIM has several applications in scientific experiments, particularly in the analysis of gene expression patterns. The compound can be used as a chromogenic substrate to detect beta-galactosidase activity in various organisms. CIM has also been used to study the regulation of gene expression in bacteria and to analyze gene function in vivo.

Current State of Research

There is a growing interest in CIM in scientific research due to its unique properties and versatility. CIM has been widely used in gene expression analysis, and its potential application in other fields of research is still under exploration.

Potential Implications in Various Fields of Research and Industry

CIM has potential implications in various fields of research and industry, including in the development of therapeutic agents and the production of enzymes through genetic engineering. CIM can also be used in immunoassays for the detection of beta-galactosidase activity.

Limitations

One of the limitations of CIM is its specificity for beta-galactosidase. Other enzymes cannot use CIM as a substrate, limiting its applicability in certain assays. Additionally, the use of CIM may not be appropriate for certain experimental systems due to differences in cell permeability.

Future Directions

There are several future directions for research involving CIM. Some of these potential areas of study include developing new substrates for CIM to detect other enzymes, exploring CIM's role in the regulation of gene expression, and considering CIM's potential use as a diagnostic tool in clinical settings. Further investigations into CIM could lead to the discovery of potential therapeutic agents and enzyme production strategies. Additionally, identifying and characterizing new compounds related to CIM could lead to new breakthroughs in scientific research.