烟酰胺核糖氯化物,

Nicotinamide riboside chloride,

Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride (also known as NIAGEN) is a crystal form of Nicotinamide riboside. Nicotinamide is a recently discovered NAD+ (NAD+) precursor vitamin.

Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride is the chloride salt form of nicotinamide riboside.Nicotinamide riboside is a new form of pyridine-nucleoside of vitamin B3 that is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD) or NAD+. Nicotinamide chloride crystal is a form of Nicotinamide chloride. Nicotinamide and riboside chlorineide increase NAD[+] levels. It activates SIRT1 (and SIRT3), resulting in an enhanced oxidative metabolic rate and protection from high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities.

Uses of Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride

Nicotinamide riboside chloride is used in dietary supplements. Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride is a vitamin B3 (niacin) source and enhances oxidative metabolism, protecting against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities.

Chemical properties of Nicotinamide riboside chloride

Although nicotinamide has a molecular mass of 255.25 g/mol (the chloride salt is at 290.70g/mol), it is 88 mg of nicotinamide. Recent discoveries have revealed the crystal structure of new crystalline forms of other Nicotinamide Riboside Salts. These salts correspond with different enantiomers, hydrogen tartrate, and hydrogen malate, respectively, and have a molecular weight of 404.33 g/mol.

History of Nicotinamide-riboside chloride

NR (nicotinamide riboside) was first identified in 1944 as a growth agent. This factor was named Factor V for Haemophilus influenza. A bacterium that lives and depends on blood, it is known as Haemophilus influenza. When Factor V was purified from blood, it existed in three forms: NMN, NAD+, and NR. NR was the compound that caused the fastest growth of the bacterium. H. influenza cannot grow on nicotinic and nicotinamide, tryptophan, and aspartic acids, previously known precursors for NAD+.

Nicotinamide Riboside has resulted from its ability to increase levels of nicotinamide (NAD+), more so than any other NAD+ precursor. Numerous human and animal studies revealed that NR benefits many health conditions. It is particularly effective in treating several pathophysiological conditions and neurodegenerative disorders. NR was therefore marketed as a nutritional supplement.

Synthesis of Nicotinamide-riboside chloride

The different B3 vitamins can be converted into NAD+ by different biosynthetic routes. The enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the two-step pathway converting nicotinamide to NAD+. NR kinase can also serve as a rescue pathway for NAD+.

Nicotinamide riboside chloride in biology

Nicotinamide-riboside chloride, an orally active NAD+ precursor, increases NAD+ and activates SIRT1 (and SIRT3). Nicotinamide-riboside chloride is a source of vitamin B3 and protects against high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders. Nicotinamide-riboside chloride reduces cognitive impairment in a transgenic mouse model with Alzheimer's.

In Vitro

Nicotinamide-riboside chloride (0.5 nM; 24-hours) reduces the acetylation status for Ndufa9, SOD2.

Nicotinamide riboside Chloride increases intracellular and mitochondrial NAD+ content in C2C12, Hepa1.6, and HEK293 cells in a concentration-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 1-1000 mM.

Nicotinamide-riboside chloride increases NAD to repair antiviral poly(ADP-ribose) and polymerase functions (PARP) to support innate immunity for coronavirus, a cause of COVID-19.

In Vivo

Chronic Nicotinamide-riboside chloride (p.o. 400 mg/kg/day, 16 weeks) - Supplementation increases intracellular NAD+ levels in tissue-specific ways.