Inositol,肌醇, 环己六醇

Myo-inositol is an important component of the phosphatidylinositol family, which is a major component of cell membranes. Myo-inositol is found in high concentrations in the human brain and has been shown to be involved in a number of cellular processes such as signal transduction, protein synthesis, and gene expression. It also has been shown to inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer cells. This drug inhibits the release of calcium from intracellular stores by binding to the cytosolic Ca2+ channels and inhibiting their activity. Myo-inositol also binds to guanine nucleotide-binding proteins and inhibits polymerase chain reactions. The analytical method for myo-inositol involves measuring its concentration using p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) as a substrate in an enzymatic reaction that produces PNP.

Title: Inositol

CAS Registry Number: 87-89-8

CAS Name: myo-Inositol

Additional Names: meso-inositol; i-inositol; hexahydroxycyclohexane; cyclohexanehexol; cyclohexitol; meat sugar; inosite; mesoinosite; phaseomannite; dambose; nucite; bios I; rat antispectacled eye factor; mouse antialopecia factor

Molecular Formula: C6H12O6

Molecular Weight: 180.16

Percent Composition: C 40.00%, H 6.71%, O 53.28%

Literature References: Widely distributed in plants and animals. Growth factor for animals and microorganisms. Isoln from heart muscle: Scherer, Ann. 73, 322 (1850); from liver: Woolley, J. Biol. Chem. 139, 29 (1941). Synthesis: Wieland, Wishart, Ber. 47, 2082 (1914); Anderson, Wallis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70, 2931 (1948). Obtained commercially from corn steep liquor, since inositol is present as phytic acid in corn: Bartow, Walker, Ind. Eng. Chem. 30, 300 (1938); US 2112553 (1938); Hoglan, Bartow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 2397 (1940); Elkin, Meadows, US 2414365 (1947); GB 601273 (1948 to Corn Prod. Refining). Nine possible stereoisomers: Seven are optically inactive or meso. Two optically active forms, the racemic form, and several cis,trans-isomers occur naturally. The prevalent natural form is cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol which is described here. Reviews: R. Beckmann, m-Inosit (Editio Cantor, Aulendorf, 1953); several authors in The Vitamins vol. 2,, W. H. Sebrell, Jr., R. S. Harris, Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1954) pp 321-386; ibid. vol. 3 (2nd ed., 1971) pp 340-415.

Properties: Anhydr, non-hygroscopic crystals from water or acetic acid above 80°. Sweet taste. d 1.752. mp 225-227°. Optically inactive. Soly in water at 25°: 14 g/100 ml soln; at 60°: 28 g/100 ml soln. Slightly sol in alc. Practically insol in ether and other common organic solvents. Aq solns are neutral to litmus.

Melting point: mp 225-227°

Density: d 1.752

Derivative Type: Dihydrate

Properties: Efflorescent crystals from water below 50°. d 1.524. mp 218°. Becomes anhydr at 100°.

Melting point: mp 218°

Density: d 1.524

Derivative Type: Monophosphate

CAS Registry Number: 573-35-3

Molecular Formula: C6H13O9P

Molecular Weight: 260.14

Percent Composition: C 27.70%, H 5.04%, O 55.35%, P 11.91%

Literature References: Prepn: Posternak, Posternak, Helv. Chim. Acta 12, 1165 (1929); McCormick, Carter, Biochem. Prep. 2, 65 (1952).

Properties: Crystals from water + alcohol, dec 195-197°. Titrates as a dibasic acid. Freely soluble in water (1 g dissolves in 3 ml H2O). Practically insol in abs ethanol, ether. Remarkably resistant to hydrolysis by boiling with strong alkali. May be hydrolyzed by boiling with 6N HCl for 14 hrs.

Therap-Cat: Vitamin B complex; lipotropic.

Keywords: Lipotropic; Vitamin/Vitamin Source.