4-氟代-D-甘露糖, 4-fluoro-D-mannose

4-Deoxy-4-fluoro-D-mannose is a sugar that is an analog of 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-d-mannose. It is synthesized by the transfer of a 6-hydroxyl group from 6,6'-dideoxyadenosine to the C6 hydroxyl group of 3,6'-dihexadecylthio adenosine. 4,4'-Difluoro D-mannose is then obtained by hydrolysis and decarboxylation. This process can be catalyzed by enzyme catalysis with phosphofructokinase or hexokinase. 4,4'-Difluoro D mannose has been used in biochemical studies as an analog for 6,6'-dideoxydaunosine. It has also been used as a substrate for virus glycosylation and protein glycosylation in living cells. In addition, it has been shown to inhibit.

4-Deoxy-4-fluoro-D-mannose (DFMan) is a monosaccharide sugar that has gained increasing interest in various fields of research due to its unique properties. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of DFMan, including its definition and background, physical and chemical properties, synthesis and characterization, analytical methods, biological properties, toxicity and safety in scientific experiments, applications in scientific experiments, current state of research, potential implications in various fields of research and industry, limitations, and future directions.

Definition and Background

DFMan is a sugar derivative that is commonly used as a substrate for enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. It is a type of fluorinated sugar that has gained interest because of its unique structural properties that can be exploited for various applications. DFMan is also known as 4-DFM, 4-fluoro-4-deoxymannose, or 4-F-D-Man.

Synthesis and Characterization

DFMan can be synthesized using various methods, including isomerization of D-mannose, reduction of 4-keto-4-fluoro-D-mannose, and oxidoreduction of 4,6-O-benzylidene-D-mannose. The synthesis of DFMan requires specialized skills and equipment due to the sensitivity of the sugar to heat and moisture.

Analytical Methods

Several analytical techniques have been used to analyze DFMan, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). These techniques are used to determine the purity, identity, and concentration of DFMan.

Biological Properties

DFMan has shown potential biological activities that can be used for various applications. For instance, DFMan has been shown to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria and fungi, which can be exploited for the development of antibiotics. It has also been shown to have immunomodulatory effects, which can be used for the treatment of various immune-related disorders.

Toxicity and Safety in Scientific Experiments

DFMan has been shown to have low toxicity and is generally considered safe for use in scientific experiments. However, the toxicity and safety of DFMan can vary depending on the dosage, mode of administration, and the target organism. Therefore, it is essential to conduct appropriate toxicity studies before using DFMan in scientific experiments.

Applications in Scientific Experiments

DFMan can be used for various applications in scientific experiments, including the development of antibiotics, immunomodulators, and diagnostic tools for metabolic disorders. It can also be used as a substrate for enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, which can aid in the study of metabolic pathways.

Current State of Research

Currently, research on DFMan is still in its early stages, and most of the studies have focused on its synthesis, characterization, and biological activities. However, there is increasing interest in DFMan for various applications, and research on its potential uses is ongoing.

Potential Implications in Various Fields of Research and Industry

DFMan has the potential for various applications in different fields of research and industry. It can be used for the development of antibiotics, immunomodulators, and diagnostic tools for metabolic disorders. It can also be used as a substrate for enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, which can aid in the study of metabolic pathways. Additionally, DFMan can be used for the production of other fluorinated sugars that have potential industrial applications.

Limitations and Future Directions

Although DFMan holds great potential for various applications, there are still limitations that need to be addressed. For instance, the synthesis of DFMan requires specialized skills and equipment, making it challenging to produce in large quantities. Future research should focus on developing more efficient and cost-effective methods for synthesizing DFMan.

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