Polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether

Triton® X-100; 4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenyl-polyethylene glycol; t-Octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol

辛苯昔醇, 聚乙二醇单辛基苯基醚,

Triton X-100 is a non-ionic detergent and surfactant that has been widely used in various scientific experiments and industrial applications. It has unique physical and chemical properties that make it an essential tool for various research fields, including biochemistry, cell biology, and biotechnology. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of Triton X-100, its properties, synthesis and characterization, analytical methods, biological properties, toxicity and safety in scientific experiments, applications in scientific experiments, current state of research, potential implications in various fields of research and industry, limitations, and future directions.

Definition and Background

Triton X-100 is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative surfactant that is commonly used in laboratory protocols as a detergent. It is a non-ionic detergent that is frequently used to permeabilize cell membranes, solubilize proteins and lipids, and as a blocking agent during immunological detection. It derives its name from the use of triton X-100 surfactant during its manufacture.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Triton X-100 is a clear, viscous, and slightly yellowish liquid. It is water-soluble and has a high boiling point of 212 °C. Triton X-100 is a non-ionic surfactant that has a hydrophilic (water-loving) PEG chain that is linked to a hydrophobic (water-repellent) aromatic ring. This unique structure of Triton X-100 allows it to be used in numerous applications as it can solubilize a wide range of biological molecules like proteins and lipids.

Synthesis and Characterization

Triton X-100 can be synthesized via the reaction of octylphenol with ethylene oxide. This reaction results in non-ionic surfactants with an average of nine ethylene oxide units per molecule. The Triton X series is composed of different surfactants with different numbers of ethylene oxide units.

Analytical Methods

Analyzing Triton X-100 requires precise analytical methods to ensure the purity and quality of the product. The most common methods used to analyze Triton X-100 are Gas Chromatography (GC) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

Biological Properties

Triton X-100 has been shown to be useful in various biological assays, including membrane solubilization, liposome preparation, and protein extraction. It can be used as a permeabilization agent to facilitate the entry of molecules into cells, making it an essential tool in cell biology research.

Toxicity and Safety in Scientific Experiments

Triton X-100 can cause eye and skin irritation, although it is generally considered safe for handling in laboratories. Care must be taken when working with concentrated solutions or inhaling the vapor, as this can cause respiratory irritation.

Applications in Scientific Experiments

Triton X-100 is used in several applications, including solubilization of membrane proteins and lipids, purification of various enzymes, preparation of micelles, membrane immobilization, and as a blocking agent in immunoassays.

Current State of Research

Triton X-100 is still extensively used in scientific experiments, especially in the fields of biochemistry, biotechnology, and cell biology research. Research on Triton X-100 has gained renewed interest in recent years, particularly studies related to its safety and potential use in various industrial applications.

Potential Implications in Various Fields of Research and Industry

Triton X-100 has potential applications in industrial fields that require emulsion stabilization, solubilization, and detergent properties. Industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetic

Limitations

Triton X-100 is not suitable for the solubilization of all proteins and may not be appropriate for the purification of specific enzymes. Furthermore, the concentration of Triton X-100 requires optimization, as it can cause significant alterations to the properties of proteins and lipids.

Future Directions

Future research could focus on further optimizing the use of Triton X-100 in various fields, including biotechnology, biochemistry, and cell biology research. Scientists could explore the use of Triton X-100 in different concentrations, preparations, and in combination with other surfactants to improve its efficiency and efficacy. Furthermore, research could explore the potential use of Triton X-100 in various industrial applications, beyond its current applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.

Conclusion

Triton X-100 is a crucial tool for various scientific experiments, from solubilization of proteins and lipids to blocking agents. It has unique physical and chemical properties that make it an essential tool for researchers in various fields, and its use in industries is widespread, primarily in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Although it has been widely studied in the past, there is still much research to be done on its efficacy and potential use in different settings. Careful optimization of Triton X-100 concentration, preparation, and combination with other surfactants could lead to more efficient and effective use of the detergent, providing a better understanding of its various capabilities. Ultimately, Triton X-100's importance in various scientific experiments and industries is likely to continue to grow as researchers uncover more of its potential applications.

Title: Octoxynol

CAS Registry Number: 9002-93-1

CAS Name: a-[4-(1,1,3,3,-Tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-w-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)

Additional Names: octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol; polyethylene glycol p-isooctylphenyl ether

Literature References: Prepd by reacting isooctylphenol with ethylene oxide. Average number of ethylene oxide units (n) per molecule is indicated by number following octoxynol. See also nonoxynol. Trademarks for series of octoxynols include Igepal CA (Rhone-Poulenc) , Polytergent G (Union Carbide) , Triton X (Rohm & Haas) .

Properties: Mixture in which n ranges from about 5 to 15. Pale yellow, viscous liquid. d425 1.0595. nD25 1.4894. Miscible with water, alcohol, acetone. Sol in benzene, toluene. Insol in petr ether. pH of 5% aq soln: 7-9. Octoxynol-9, average comp. (n = 9): C34H62O11; av mol wt 647. Trademarks of products where n = 9 to 10: Conco NIX-100 (Continental Chem.) , Igepal CA-630 (Rhone-Poulenc) , Neutronyx 605 (Onyx) , Triton X-100 (Rohm & Haas) . Ingredient of Preceptin (Ortho) .

Index of refraction: nD25 1.4894

Density: d425 1.0595

Use: Nonionic detergent, emulsifier, dispersing agent. Octoxynol-9 as spermaticide.