4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate

4-Nitrophenyl pivalate

4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate is a cytosolic proteinase inhibitor. It binds to the active site of trypsin and other enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds, thereby inhibiting the activity of these enzymes. 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate has been shown to inhibit soybean trypsin, which has led to its use as a model system for studying enzyme inhibition. The binding site on 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate is competitive with respect to substrate binding but not with respect to the enzyme's catalytic triad. This inhibitor also has a high buffer capacity and can be used in low pH systems.

4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate, also known as NPTA, is an organic compound that has gained considerable attention in the research and industrial fields for its unique properties and potential applications. NPTA is a yellow crystalline powder, which can be synthesized through various methods, and has been extensively studied due to its biological activities, analytical methods, and potential uses in various scientific experiments. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of NPTA, including its definition and background, physical and chemical properties, synthesis and characterization, biological properties, toxicity and safety in scientific experiments, applications in scientific experiments, current state of research, potential implications in various fields of research and industry, as well as limitations and future directions.

Definition and Background:

4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate is a derivative of trimethylacetic acid, which has a phenyl group and a nitro group at the ortho position of the aromatic ring. The chemical formula of 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate is C12H13NO4, and its molecular weight is 235.24 g/mol. 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate can be used as a reagent in various chemical reactions and has been studied for its unique properties, including its compatibility with various solvents, hydrolysis stability, and functional group compatibility.

Physical and Chemical Properties:

4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate has a melting point of 80-83°C and a boiling point of 270°C. It is soluble in many organic solvents, including ethanol, methanol, and acetonitrile. Its solubility in water is low, with a solubility of only 0.06 g/L. 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate has a high thermal stability and is relatively resistant to hydrolysis.

Synthesis and Characterization:

4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate can be synthesized through various methods, including the reaction of p-nitrophenol with trimethyl acetyl chloride, the reaction of phenylacetic acid with nitric acid and acetic anhydride, and the reaction of p-nitrobenzaldehyde with trimethylacetyl chloride. The purity and composition of 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate can be analyzed through various techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy.

Analytical Methods:

4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate can be detected and quantified through various analytical methods, including gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). These methods are essential in identifying the presence of 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate in various samples and in determining its purity and concentration.

Biological Properties:

4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate has been studied for its biological properties, including its antibacterial and anticancer activities. It has been reported to inhibit the growth of various bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, it has shown antiproliferative effects against cancer cell lines, including leukemia, breast, lung, and colon cancer.

Toxicity and Safety in Scientific Experiments:

4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate is considered to be moderately toxic, with an LD50 value of 260-330 mg/kg in rats. It is important to take appropriate safety measures when handling 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate in scientific experiments, including wearing protective clothing and working in a well-ventilated area. Moreover, the use of appropriate engineering controls, such as fume hoods and ventilation systems, is essential to minimize the potential exposure to 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate and prevent any accidents.

Applications in Scientific Experiments:

4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate has been extensively used in various scientific experiments, including organic synthesis, analytical chemistry, and biological research. It can be used as a reagent in chemical reactions, such as esterification and acetylation, and as a derivatizing agent for the analysis of various compounds through GC, HPLC, and CE. Moreover, it has potential applications in the development of antibacterial agents and anticancer drugs.

Current State of Research:

4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate has gained considerable attention in the research field due to its unique properties and potential applications. Recent studies have focused on the development of new synthetic methods for 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate, the optimization of its analytical methods, and the evaluation of its biological activities. Moreover, efforts have been made to understand its potential mechanisms of action and to optimize its chemical structure to enhance its biological activities.

Potential Implications in Various Fields of Research and Industry:

4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate has potential implications in various fields of research and industry, including organic synthesis, analytical chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. It can be used as a reagent in chemical reactions, as a derivatizing agent for the analysis of various compounds, and as a starting material for the synthesis of antibacterial agents and anticancer drugs. Moreover, it has potential applications in crop protection for controlling fungus and nematode infections.

Limitations and Future Directions:

Despite the extensive research on 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate, some limitations and challenges remain. One of the limitations is its moderately toxic nature, which requires appropriate safety measures when handling it in scientific experiments. Moreover, the synthesis of 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate can be challenging and requires high-yielding and scalable methods. In terms of future directions, efforts can be made to optimize the synthetic methods for 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate and to further understand its mechanism of action and potential applications in various scientific fields. Additionally, the development of new derivatives of 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate with enhanced biological activities and reduced toxicity is an emerging area of research.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate is an organic compound that has gained considerable attention in the research and industrial fields due to its unique properties and potential applications. It can be synthesized through various methods and has been extensively studied for its physical and chemical properties, analytical methods, biological properties, toxicity, safety in scientific experiments, and applications in various scientific fields. Despite some limitations and challenges, 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate has a promising future in various fields of research and industry, and efforts can be made to optimize its synthesis and enhance its biological activities while reducing its toxicity.